{"id":9109,"date":"2023-10-19T15:49:16","date_gmt":"2023-10-19T21:49:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/veterinarioonline.com.mx\/?p=9109"},"modified":"2023-10-19T15:49:37","modified_gmt":"2023-10-19T21:49:37","slug":"espasmos-en-animales","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/veterinarioonline.com.mx\/en\/espasmos-en-animales\/","title":{"rendered":"Spasms in animals: One of the symptoms behind Tetanus"},"content":{"rendered":"

Tetanus is a disease that produces spasms in animals and results from the action of a neurotoxin produced by Clostridium tetani<\/a>, an anaerobic spore-forming Gram-positive bacterium. When these bacteria enter necrotic tissue, they produce toxins that attack the nerves and cause muscle stiffness and spasms that progressively worsen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The disease is not uncommon in cattle and horses, the bacteria are found in dead tissue and can enter the animal's body through a puncture wound, almost all mammals are susceptible to tetanus, but dogs are relatively resistant to it. disease, localized tetanus first develops and then general rigidity progresses as the disease progresses, signs usually appear 10 to 14 days after wound infection.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Symptoms<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Tetanus is a disease caused by a poison produced by the bacteria Clostridium tetani, which enters a deep or penetrating wound; Once in the wound, these bacteria germinate and produce a neurotoxin called tetanospasmin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This toxin, which binds to the motor nerves that control the muscles, is released from the bacterial cell, enters the axons (filaments that extend from the nerve cells), and travels up the axon in the spinal cord or trunk from the brain through a process called retrograde intraneuronal transport.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once the toxin is released, it binds to presynaptic nerve terminals and interferes with the release of inhibitory neurotransmitters, which normally prevent muscle spasms from occurring. It also blocks the action of acetylcholine on postsynaptic receptors, causing a lack of transmission of impulses at the level of the central nervous system. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

As a result, even minimal stimulation of the skin, such as light or sound, can cause tetanic muscle spasms, it is for this reason that it is necessary to keep a patient with tetanus in a dark room and minimize sounds and bright lights to reduce the intensity of spasms.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Infection with the bacteria that causes tetanus produces a progressive disorder of the central nervous system, the incubation period of tetanus is 3 to 21 days and symptoms usually begin five to ten days after injury, but can occur as soon as about three days after infection. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

En una forma localizada, los s\u00edntomas consisten en espasmos musculares que comienzan en el lugar de la lesi\u00f3n o en el \u00e1rea alrededor de la herida, este tipo de t\u00e9tanos es m\u00e1s f\u00e1cil de tratar que la forma generalizada, pero a\u00fan as\u00ed puede progresar a una forma generalizada de t\u00e9tanos, en la que todos los grupos de m\u00fasculos esquel\u00e9ticos se ven afectados con espasmos, este es el tipo m\u00e1s grave de t\u00e9tanos y suele ser mortal. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

A menudo, en las \u00faltimas etapas del t\u00e9tanos, los animales afectados desarrollan en la cara, s\u00edntomas que incluyen frente arrugada (llamada sonrisa sard\u00f3nica o risus sardonicus), orejas erguidas y mand\u00edbula r\u00edgida (llamada trismo), los movimientos involuntarios de los m\u00fasculos de la mand\u00edbula hacen que los dientes se mantengan bien cerrados, lo que provoca la incapacidad de masticar, los perros con esta forma grave de t\u00e9tanos con frecuencia no pueden tragar y como resultado, comienzan a babear.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Otros signos de t\u00e9tanos en perros pueden incluir elevaci\u00f3n del tercer p\u00e1rpado (llamado prolapso de membrana nictitante), disfunci\u00f3n auton\u00f3mica (que incluye bradicardia, taquicardia) y fiebre, la piel puede volverse de color azulado, los perros que ya no pueden caminar se mantendr\u00e1n r\u00edgidos en lo que se conoce como postura de caballete.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

El t\u00e9tanos puede causar s\u00edntomas gastrointestinales graves, como v\u00f3mitos y diarrea, y puede interferir con la respiraci\u00f3n, la afectaci\u00f3n de los m\u00fasculos esquel\u00e9ticos en el t\u00e9tanos adem\u00e1s de producir espasmos, tambi\u00e9n puede provocar fracturas \u00f3seas, los casos graves que afectan los m\u00fasculos de la garganta y el diafragma pueden provocar insuficiencia respiratoria y la muerte. Si crees que tu mascota pueda sufrir de esta enfermedad te recomendamos consutar con nuestros m\u00e9dicos veterinarios.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Como ocurre con la mayor\u00eda de las enfermedades infecciosas, no existe un an\u00e1lisis de sangre sencillo para diagnosticar el t\u00e9tanos, una historia cuidadosa del animal afectado y un cultivo positivo de la herida del sitio anat\u00f3mico apropiado deben conducir a un diagn\u00f3stico presuntivo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es importante distinguir entre los t\u00e9tanos y otras afecciones que pueden provocar signos similares de rigidez muscular y espasmos, como la enfermedad del m\u00fasculo blanco en rumiantes j\u00f3venes,\u00a0Sarcostemma viminalis spp.\u00a0en bovinos, ovinos y caprinos,\u00a0o Cyanthum spp.\u00a0en caballos y cerdos, adem\u00e1s, los signos del t\u00e9tanos pueden confundirse con los de shock s\u00e9ptico o hipocalcemia. Puedes leer sobre otras infecciones bacterianas en animales.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Spasms<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Tratamiento de los espasmos<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

La vacuna contra el t\u00e9tanos, que se administra en forma de inyecci\u00f3n y luego se refuerza, ayuda a proteger al animal de la neurotoxina mortal producida por C. tetani, la vacunaci\u00f3n inicial generalmente requiere dos inyecciones y se recomiendan refuerzos anuales, la vacuna contra el t\u00e9tanos es muy eficaz y la enfermedad rara vez se ve en pa\u00edses con altas tasas de inmunizaci\u00f3n y pr\u00e1cticas m\u00e9dicas s\u00f3lidas para el cuidado de las heridas y el parto.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

If the condition is diagnosed early, it can be treated with tetanus antitoxin, which binds to the toxin and destroys it. However, tetanus antitoxin cannot release the toxin that is already bound to the nerves, penicillin is also given to prevent the new growth of Clostridium tetanise and the animal should be placed in a dark room and given sedatives and muscle relaxants to help control spasms.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Intensive nursing care is needed to ensure that the affected animal does not become dehydrated and is fed as soon as possible, even if it cannot open its mouth to do so. Nursing care includes hydration and soft bedding to prevent bedsores, depending on the condition. Symptom severity improvement is usually seen within the first week of treatment, but complete recovery can easily take a month or more.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The use of oxidizing disinfectants such as iodine and chlorine on the wound is recommended to kill any C. tetani spores present, all animals should be vaccinated against tetanus according to current recommendations, and pregnant mares should be vaccinated in the last 6 weeks of gestation. , animals that have recovered from tetanus do not develop good immunity and must be vaccinated again against the disease. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Affected animals should be treated as soon as possible after diagnosis, veterinary surgeons should use aseptic techniques, including disinfecting the navel after birth and performing surgical procedures such as castration, tail docking and debuttoning under controlled conditions and with sterilized instruments, they will significantly reduce the risk of tetanus in livestock.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prevention<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Most pet owners have heard of tetanus and have probably had a tetanus vaccine in the past, they may also have heard about the spasm-causing disease through the news or from friends who were affected by it. It is an extremely serious disease that can be fatal, but can be prevented.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tetanus is caused by the bacteria Clostridium tetani, which can be found throughout the world and is especially common in cultivated and fertilized soils. The spores are resistant to degradation and can survive for months in anaerobic conditions. They can be found in feces. of many species of animals, including cattle and horses, as well as humans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Young dogs or puppies often pick up contaminated dirt and foreign debris with their mouths, these items may include rusty nails, pins and other foreign objects from outside or their environment; The bacteria then enter the body through a wound or when a scab forms that irritates the skin, where the bacteria grow and produce tetanospasmin, the toxin that produces the symptoms and spasms of tetanus in dogs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prevention is key and includes keeping your pet's wounds clean and removing any contaminated debris as soon as possible after an injury or surgery; In order for your pet to be healthy and free of diseases, it is recommended to follow some simple tips to care for your pets.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Spasms<\/a><\/figure>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

El t\u00e9tanos es una enfermedad que produce espasmos en animales y que resulta de la acci\u00f3n de una neurotoxina producida por Clostridium tetani, una bacteria Gram-positiva anaer\u00f3bica formadora de esporas. Cuando estas bacterias ingresan al tejido necr\u00f3tico, producen toxinas que atacan los nervios y causan rigidez muscular y espasmos que empeoran progresivamente. La enfermedad no es […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":9124,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9109","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-enfermedades"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/veterinarioonline.com.mx\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9109","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/veterinarioonline.com.mx\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/veterinarioonline.com.mx\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/veterinarioonline.com.mx\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/veterinarioonline.com.mx\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9109"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/veterinarioonline.com.mx\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9109\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/veterinarioonline.com.mx\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9124"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/veterinarioonline.com.mx\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9109"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/veterinarioonline.com.mx\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9109"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/veterinarioonline.com.mx\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9109"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}