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<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\nSymptoms of PRRS<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
The porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome (PRRS) is an important disease of swine bristles, nulliparous and boars that can cause severe respiratory diseases in pigs weaned and in growth and reproductive failure in pregnant sows. The PRRS virus vary in virulence and may change with time, with the emergence of new strains of highly pathogenic in many parts of the world, as well as in herds producers of vaccines. This disease can be very difficult to control once it takes possession of a herd, as the virus can take several months to decrease after the acute episode.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Infection with the virus produces a variety of symptoms in females of reproductive age, which varies according to the size of the herd and the state of initial health. A period of shortness of breath, known as shock, is common and can be accompanied by fever and lethargy. In some outbreaks, the bristles are experiencing anorexia with poor body condition, and some may abort or give birth prematurely. A high proportion of fetuses are born dead or die at birth, and the litters contain piglets weak, sick, or mummified.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The signs of post-weaning, which include a period of coughing and sneezing with a runny nose and staining of tears. This follows a loss of appetite, and weakness with little weight gain. In some pigs affected is observed fever, edema or swelling of the eyes, and blue coloration of the ears. Affected pigs may also be very lethargic and seem apathetic with a gait and uncoordinated.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
PRRS destroys up to 40 percent of the macrophages <\/a>pork, eliminating an important part of your defense system. This allows secondary infections, such as diseases and bacterial infections<\/a> and other viruses, such as swine flu, proliferate, particularly in the lungs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n The symptoms of the disease can be very difficult to detect in piglets young people, although there is a good chance that if the virus enters a herd, to be spread rapidly by direct contact or, more commonly, through aerosol infectious. However, some herds do not show an outbreak evident and it is possible that only experience a slow spread of the disease. Vaccines are available to limit the spread of the virus, but are not always effective, and they continue producing new shoots.<\/p>\n\n\n\n The porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome is a disease pig of greater economic importance. Its impact on swine production systems has led to the consolidation of herds with many operations are designed around strategies to control or eliminate this disease.<\/p>\n\n\n\n An accurate diagnosis is essential to define the disease on a farm and to plan programs of improvement of the health and performance of the flock. The diagnosis combines a review of the records of production and the clinical signs with the results of the laboratory tests.<\/p>\n\n\n\n PRRS can infect pigs during all stages of life, and symptoms vary according to the age and stage of gestation of the infected animals. In sows in late gestation, the common clinical signs are a prolonged period of anorexia, depression, and lethargy. Sometimes it is observed cyanosis mild of the ears, abdomen and vulva. Often increase abortions, premature births and the piglets born weak (30%-50%). The piglets develop the breathing pattern characteristic of \u201ctapping\u201d and have histopathological lesions (interstitial pneumonia).<\/p>\n\n\n\n The detection of the virus is usually done by taking tissue samples from affected pigs, but this may be difficult in a flock to large commercial. The tissue samples are most useful of the newborn piglets weak who can't breast-feed, piglets infants clinically affected or sows that have not produced litters viable in the last few weeks. Alternatively, you can take samples of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, serum, spleen, tonsils and lymph nodes of affected pigs to determine the presence of the virus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n The virus is a RNA single-stranded positive-sense<\/a> and belongs to the virus family Arteriviridae. Its genome consists of at least 9 open reading frames and encodes several proteins that are important for infection and viral replication.<\/p>\n\n\n\n An outbreak of PRRS can occur at small or large scale and, in general, lasts two to three months before to improve the performance of the health of the herd. However, if the herd has been infected with a new variant of the virus that does not tolerate vaccines, can occur repeated outbreaks. These are difficult to manage and can lead to large losses of livestock. It is important to recognize the emergence of a new variant of PRRSV when we review the performance data of the herd and the clinical signs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n The porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome is a disease swine serious and complex that causes a variety of clinical signs in the herd. The symptoms vary depending on the virulence of the PRRS virus infecting and the age of affected pigs. It is one of the diseases most economically important of which affect the swine producers and their control remains a challenge because it is difficult to eradicate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n The disease is caused by the RNA virus PRRSV (PRRSV) is classified in the order Arteriviridae and the family Arteriviridae. The PRRSV is excreted in the saliva, nasal secretions, urine, and feces of infected pigs and is transmitted by direct contact between pigs, with or without an intermediate carrier. It also can be transmitted through the ingestion of contaminated food, waste, or pork products from infected animals and through the transport of pigs or pig products between farms or markets.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Once an infection by PRRSV enters a flock immunologically inexperienced, there is a massive outbreak. Generally, the buds begin in the herd player and is propagated to all the stages of production in a matter of weeks.<\/p>\n\n\n\n During the process of the disease, the bristles are experiencing reproductive failure, including a reduction of the fertility and a high number of miscarriages and fetal deaths. Infected piglets often die shortly after birth due to pneumonia and other secondary infections. The symptoms include poor growth, and poor body condition.<\/p>\n\n\n\n The infected pigs removed a large amount of virus in their feces and semen, which can then be entered in the herd naive by the power of this material. The carriers of detachment remain infectious for several months after the infection and remove small amounts of the virus constantly.<\/p>\n\n\n\n The spread of carriers is very probably the most common means of introduction of PRRS virus to a herd or population of pigs and the spread can continue indefinitely. The duration of viral persistence in a herd or population and the level of antibody titer can be used to estimate the duration of the period of infection.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Vaccination against PRRS is possible and has been shown to reduce the transmission of the virus. However, few studies have evaluated the biological parameters related to the transmission of the virus in pigs vaccinated and non-vaccinated. A study of Nodelijk et al. it was the first to do this. Tested three different assays using vaccines MLV genotype 2 and challenge virus genotype 1. The results indicate that the vaccination significantly reduces the rate of transmission of PRRSV among pigs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n The porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome is one of the most important diseases affecting the swine industry. The disease causes reproductive failure in sows and respiratory disease in piglets weaned. The virus is highly contagious and is easily spread in the herd by direct contact and aerosol infectious. Vaccines are available, but it has been shown that they are ineffective to limit the outbreak in the herd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n The causative agent of PRRS is an RNA virus that belongs to the family Arteriviridae. The virus replicates within the cells of macrophages, and is transmitted by direct contact between pigs infected and non-infected. The infected pigs produce large amounts of virus that can be removed in the saliva, feces, urine, and milk. Pigs can also be infected by indirect contact (e.g., through feeders contaminated).<\/p>\n\n\n\n The clinical signs of PRRS include reproductive failure in sows and respiratory disease after weaning. The reproductive failure is characterized by a decrease in the number of piglets alive born per sow and\/or an increase in the number of piglets stillborn or mummified fetuses. The symptoms after the weaning of the disease are characterized by rapid breathing and histopathologic findings that reveal interstitial pneumonia, severe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n The PRRS virus destroys up to 40 percent of the macrophages of a pig, eliminating an important part of the defense mechanism of the pig against bacteria and viruses, making it vulnerable to getting more serious illnesses such as african swine fever<\/a> and other more. Therefore, the infected pigs are particularly susceptible to secondary infections.<\/p>\n\n\n\n The PRRS are found throughout the world and is endemic in all the major countries of pig breeding. It can affect herds with a normal state of health or high and both indoor units and outdoor. It can cause economic losses ranging from mild to severe depending on the virulence of the infecting strain and the stage of gestation at which infection occurs.<\/p>\n\n\n\nDiagnosis<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Transmission<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\nIt is possible to prevent pRRS <\/h2>\n\n\n\n